Zoology

Animal physiology and Structure

Physiology & Structure - Animal Tissues
Animal tissues - Epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissue - Covering epithelia
  • Covering epithelia - Simple epithelium
  • Covering epithelia - Compound epithelium
Epithelial tissue - Glandular epithelia
  • Glandular epithelia - Glands - Unicellular
  • Glandular epithelia - Glands - Multicellular
  • Glandular epithelia - Glands - Human exocrine glands
Muscular tissue - Striated muscles
  • Striated muscles - Structure and function
Muscular tissue - Smooth muscles
  • Smooth muscles - Structure and function
Muscular tissue - Cardiac muscles
  • Cardiac muscles - Structure and function
Animal tissues - Connective tissue
Connective tissue - Connective tissue proper
  • Connective tissue proper - Areolar tissue
  • Connective tissue proper - White fibrous tissue
  • Connective tissue proper - Yellow fibrous tissue
  • Connective tissue proper - Adipose tissue
  • Connective tissue proper - Reticular tissue
Connective tissue - Skeletal tissue
  • Skeletal tissue - Cartilage
  • Skeletal tissue - Bone
Connective tissue - Vascular tissue
  • Vascular tissue - Blood
  • Vascular tissue - Lymph
Animal tissues - Nervous tissue
Nervous tissue - Components of nervous tissue
  • Components of nervous tissue - Neurons
  • Components of nervous tissue - Nerve fiber
  • Components of nervous tissue - Neuroglia or glial cells
  • Components of nervous tissue - Nerve cells
Physiology & Structure - Animal Nutritions
Animal nutrition - Requirements
Requirements - Organic compounds
  • Organic compounds - Carbohydrates
  • Organic compounds - Proteins
  • Organic compounds - Lipids
Requirements - Inorganic compounds
  • Inorganic compounds - Vitamins, fat soluble
  • Inorganic compounds - Vitamins, water soluble
  • Inorganic compounds - Minerals
  • Inorganic compounds - Water
Animal nutrition - Structure and functions
Structure and functions - Modes of nutrition
  • Modes of nutrition - Autotrophic nutrition
  • Modes of nutrition - Heterotrophic nutrition
Structure and functions - Structure
  • Structure - Alimentary canal
  • Structure - Glands
Structure and functions - Processes
  • Processes - Ingestion
  • Processes - Digestion
  • Processes - Absorption
  • Processes - Assimilation
  • Processes - Egestion
  • Processes - Associated disorders
Physiology & Structure - Respiration
Respiration - About respiration
About respiration - Types of respiration
  • Types of respiration - Direct and indirect respiration
  • Types of respiration - Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
About respiration - Mechanism & exchange of gases
  • Mechanism & exchange of gases - Mechanism
  • Mechanism & exchange of gases - Exchange of gases
  • Mechanism & exchange of gases - Air volumes & lung capacities
  • Mechanism & exchange of gases - Principles & respiratory surfaces
About respiration - Organs of respiration
  • Organs of respiration - In lower animals
  • Organs of respiration - In mammals
  • Organs of respiration - Associated disorders
About respiration - Physiology of respiration
  • Physiology of respiration - Transport of gases
About respiration - Control
  • Control - Nervous and chemical control
About respiration - Sound producing organs
  • Sound producing organs - Larynx
Physiology & Structure - Circulation
Circulation - Circulatory system in animals
Circulatory system in animals - Open system
  • Open system - Intracellular
  • Open system - Parenchymal
  • Open system - Water medium
  • Open system - Pseudocoelomic
Circulatory system in animals - Blood vascular system
  • Blood vascular system - Blood vessels
  • Blood vascular system - Types of circulation
  • Blood vascular system - Portal system
Circulatory system in animals - Lymphatic system
  • Lymphatic system - Lymph and lymph nodes
Circulation - Heart in vertebrates
Heart in vertebrates - Mammalian heart
  • Mammalian heart - Structure
  • Mammalian heart - Cardiac cycle
  • Mammalian heart - Circulation of blood
  • Mammalian heart - Coronary heart
  • Mammalian heart - Disorders
Heart in vertebrates - Heart beat
  • Heart beat - Origin and conduction
  • Heart beat - Control
  • Heart beat - Arterial blood pressure and pulse
  • Heart beat - Cardiac output
Physiology & Structure - Excretion
Excretion - About excretion
About excretion - Types
  • Types - Ammonotelism
  • Types - Ureotelism
  • Types - Uricotelism
About excretion - Organs of excretion
  • Organs of excretion - In invertebrates
  • Organs of excretion - In humans - Kidneys
  • Organs of excretion - In humans - Skin and others
About excretion - Physiology of excretion
  • Physiology of excretion - Ornithine cycle
  • Physiology of excretion - Urine formation
  • Physiology of excretion - Osmoregulation and water balance
  • Physiology of excretion - Disorders
Physiology & Structure - Nervous System
Nervous system - Central nervous system
Central nervous system - Human brain
  • Human brain - Forebrain
  • Human brain - Midbrain
  • Human brain - Hindbrain
Central nervous system - Spinal cord
  • Spinal cord - Structure
Central nervous system - Functions and physiology
  • Functions and physiology - Functions
  • Functions and physiology - Reflex actions
  • Functions and physiology - Conduction of nerve impulses
  • Functions and physiology - Specialized structures
  • Functions and physiology - Disorders
Nervous system - Peripheral and Autonomic nervous system
Peripheral & Autonomic nervous system - Peripheral nervous system
  • Peripheral nervous system - Cranial nerves
  • Peripheral nervous system - Spinal nerves
Peripheral & Autonomic nervous system - Autonomic nervous system
  • Autonomic nervous system - Sympathetic nervous system
  • Autonomic nervous system - Parasympathetic nervous system
Nervous system - Receptors
Receptors - Types of receptors
  • Types of receptors - Skin
  • Types of receptors - Organs of smell
  • Types of receptors - Organs of taste
  • Types of receptors - Organs of sight
  • Types of receptors - Organs of hearing and equilibrium
Physiology & Structure - Endocrine System
Endocrine system - Hormones and endocrine glands
Hormones and endocrine glands - Hormones
  • Hormones - Discovery
  • Hormones - Properties
  • Hormones - Functions
  • Hormones - Hormones vs other substances
Hormones and endocrine glands - Endocrine glands
  • Endocrine glands - Types of endocrine glands
Endocrine system - Endocrine glands in humans
Endocrine glands in humans - Holocrine glands
  • Holocrine glands - Thyroid
  • Holocrine glands - Parathyroid
  • Holocrine glands - Adrenal glands
  • Holocrine glands - Hypothalamus
  • Holocrine glands - Pituitary
  • Holocrine glands - Thymus
  • Holocrine glands - Pineal body
Endocrine glands in humans - Heterocrine glands
  • Heterocrine glands - Pancreas
  • Heterocrine glands - Gonads
  • Heterocrine glands - Placenta and gastrointestinal glands
Physiology & Structure - Locomotion & Skeletal System
Locomotion and skeletal system - Movements and skeletal muscles
Movements and skeletal muscles - Movements
  • Movements - Types
  • Movements - In invertebrates and vertebrates
Movements and skeletal muscles - Skeletal muscles
  • Skeletal muscles - Properties
  • Skeletal muscles - Red and white
  • Skeletal muscles - Contraction - Theories
  • Skeletal muscles - Contraction - Biochemical aspects
  • Skeletal muscles - Contraction - Energy needs
  • Skeletal muscles - Muscle fatigue
  • Skeletal muscles - Motor unit